Oil pollution definition pdf

Some examples include airports, diving sites, popular beach sites, marinas, natural reserves or marine. Oil also contains trace elements of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen. Oil spills prevention and preparedness regulations us epa. Oil pollution can kill animals and wildlife, sometimes wiping out entire ecosystems before a cleanup starts. Thus, oil pollution due to any cause greatly affects the quality of natural water bodies and is classified under pollution. As a result, oil spills pose a serious threat to the ecology of the worlds oceans. Environment includes water, air, land and all plants and human beings andor animals living there in and the inter. Causes, consequences, prevention, and countermeasures. It is the contaminants of air by the discharge of detrimental substances. This can be done using vacuums and skimmers, as well as people power along the beach to sweep it away. Chemical and nuclear plants industrial factories oil refineries.

Oil is a fossil fuel and liquid hydrocarbon used mainly for the production of transportation fuels and petroleumbased products. Air pollution is the presence of one or more disadvantageous content in such quantity and for such duration, as it is catastrophic, or tend to be catastrophic, to human health and welfare, animal or plant life. The extent of air pollution, health effects and environmental effects depend on factors such as, a amount of oil spill. The fwpca of 1972 provided a comprehensive plan for the cleanup of waters polluted by oil spills and intentional or accidental release of oil into the water. Soil pollution is not only the problem in india but it is a global problem. Pdf while oil is a necessary risk in a complex society, recent and avoidable major oil. Contamination of soil will decrease the agricultural output of a land. Consequently, the effects of oil pollution are sufficiently well understood to allow for broad indications of the scale and duration of damage for a given incident. The term oil spill is most commonly used in the context of marine oil spills where crude oil, refined petroleum products or. Oil pollution definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Planning and response considerations but where reef coral species can survive. Conventional pollutants may cause a myriad of water pollution problems. Most times the oil that pollutes environments is put there by people in one way or the other. The different types of pollution have varying risks of danger to animals and humans, but the pollution always has danger associated with it.

Marine pollution is the introduction of substances or energy from humans into the marine environment resulting in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities including fishing, impairment of quality for use of seawater, and reduction of amenities. For complete classification of this act to the code, see short title note set out below and tables. Unfortunately, the same energy that brings us comfort, convenience, and prosperity also brings us pollution, impoverishment, and. The fwpca of 1972 provided a comprehensive plan for the cleanup of waters polluted by oil spills and intentional or. An oil spill from a tanker is a severe problem because there is such a huge quantity of oil being spilt into one place. Oil pollution article about oil pollution by the free. Pollution is a word that you hear almost every day in the news, at school and in daytoday conversations. Act of 1990, under section 38 a very lucid definition of environment was given as thus. The oil pollution act of 1990 opa establishes a framework that addresses the liability of responsible parties in connection with the discharge of oil into the navigable waters of the united states, adjoining shorelines, or the exclusive economic zone. The principal cause of marine pollution with oil is shipping. Oil pollution act of 1990 opa united states coast guard. Oil spills are a major source of chemical pollution. Oil cannot dissolve in water and forms a thick sludge in the water.

List of books and articles about oil pollution online. It works to avoid oil spills from vessels and facilities by enforcing removal of spilled oil and assigning liability for the cost of cleanup and damage, requires specific operating procedures. The biggest contributor to oil pollution in the worlds. These droplets can also form a secondary slick or thin film on the surface of the water. Oil is toxic to certain organisms and is therefore harmful. One of epas top priorities is to prevent, prepare for, and respond to oil spills that occur in and around inland waters of the united states. It created a comprehensive prevention, response, liability, and compensation regime to deal with. The impact of maritime oil pollution in the marine environment.

Oil pollution definition of oil pollution by the free. Be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives of the. According to fao corporate document repository the marine pollution is defined. A layer of oil floating on water or covering the shoreline of a body of water. Subpart l national oil and hazardous substances pollution contingency plan. Oil spills cause a very localised problem but can be catastrophic to local marine wildlife such as fish, birds and sea otters. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and management. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals pollutants or contaminants in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health andor the ecosystem.

International convention for the prevention of pollution from. Potential environmental impacts of oil spills in greenland nationalt. In the case of contaminants which occur naturally in soil, even when their levels are not high enough to pose a risk, soil pollution is still said to. Oil spills have potential to cause air pollution episodes depending on a number of factors.

Oil pollution definition of oil pollution by medical dictionary. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the. Coralline algae and occasional encrusting or lowprofile corals domi. This coastline lies between latitude 4o 10 to 6o 20 n and longitude 2o 45 to 8o 35 e. All vessels covered by this plan are public vessels of the united. Seabed activities on oil exploration and production constitute a relatively small part in the general amount of the pollution of marine environment with oil. Epa is the lead federal response agency for oil spills occurring in inland waters.

The opa requires oil storage facilities and vessels to submit to the federal. Causes, effects, and solutions for today and tomorrow since people living in the twentyfirst century have the likelihood of experiencing the effects of harmful pollution, looking at the causes of this water and air pollution is definitely vital in halting its devastating consequences. The oil pollution act opa of 1924 was the first federal statute prohibiting pollution of waters strictly by crude oil and crude oil derived products. The shortterm effects of oil spills on marine species and communities are well. The biggest contributor to oil pollution in the worlds oceans some 45% is operational discharges from tankers i. Oil pollution is one of the most important threats to the marine environment in the gulf region which is characterized by high sensitivity to pollutants in general, and oil pollution, in particular, because it involves a risk of economic, social and environmental significant, even catastrophe in some cases, fahad said. Oil, otherwise known as petroleum or crude oil, is a thick black liquid composed primarily of hydrogen and carbon.

Oil spills can cause a wide range of impacts in the marine environment and are. Times, sunday times 2009 there was a lot of concern at the time about oil pollution from tanker accidents. Aug, 2016 oil does not dissolve in water and hence oil usually floats on the surface of water. Oil spills have many adverse effects on the environment.

What is soil pollution environmental pollution centers. Oil pollution is a serious problem, especially oil spills in the worlds oceans. Coast guard definition a petroleumbased oil that does not meet the. Involuntary acquisition of property by the government 300. Appendix c to part 300 swirling flask dispersant effectiveness test, revised standard. Badejo abstract nigeria has a coastline of approximately 853km facing the atlantic ocean. It is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. A trust fund financed by a tax on oil is available to clean up spills when the responsible party is incapable or unwilling to do so. A scientific appraisal of typical oil spill effects reveals that, while damage occurs and can be profound at the level of individual organisms, populations are more resilient. The protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 international. Oil pollution and international marine environmental law. Oil spill pollution may comprise a variety of amounts starting with one or more gallons of. Oil pollution and overfishing are also having a significant effect on penguin feeding patterns.

Oil pollution occurs when oil in its various forms is introduced to environments and contaminates them. The oil pollution act opa of 1924 was the first federal statute prohibiting pollution of waters strictly by crude oil and crude oilderived products. The international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships marpol was adopted on 2 november 1973 at imo and covered pollution by oil, chemicals and harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and garbage. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. Our society has produced many kinds of pollution, some are more dangerous than others. Oil pollution of the ocean comes from shipping activity and offshore oil production.

Oil pollution is the resultant contamination of environment due to the introductionpresence of oil in excessive. Coast guard is the lead response agency for spills in coastal waters and deepwater ports. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The amount of oil spilled annually worldwide has been estimated at more than 4. Evaporation occurs when the lighter or more volatile substances within the oil mixture become vapors and. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and. Oil spill pollution environmental pollution centers.

It causes harmful effect on the soil and the environment at large. Consequences of air pollution co 2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space, which produces the so. This shipboard oil pollution emergency plan hereafter referred to as the plan is a written guide on the initial response to an oil spill on a noaa small boat vessel. Scientists are constantly studying how the different types of pollution affect the environment and how it can be controlled. Oil does not dissolve in water and hence oil usually floats on the surface of water. This dissertation is study of the impact of oil spills in the marine environment of the. Guidance safe operation of oil pollution combating equipment. Oil spills include any spill of crude oil or oil distilled products e. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian coastal areas peter c. Although significant steps have been taken over the last 15 years to reduce the size and frequency of oil spills, the sheer volume of petroleum consumed in this country and the complex production and distribution network required to meet the demand make spills of oil and other petroleum products. Oil pollution synonyms, oil pollution pronunciation, oil pollution translation, english dictionary definition of oil pollution. Coal nuclear energy alternative energy resources air pollution summary at the heart of modern society lies an economy driven by energy use.